African vs. South American Cichlids: Key Differences

Cichlids from Africa’s Rift Lakes and from South America are often lumped together as “cichlids,” but their care requirements diverge sharply enough that mixing the two groups is generally a mistake.

Water Chemistry

African Rift Lake cichlids need hard, alkaline water (pH 7.8-8.6), while most South American cichlids prefer soft, slightly acidic water (pH 6.0-7.5) — see our African cichlid guide and South American cichlid guide for specifics.

Stocking Philosophy

Many African cichlid keepers intentionally overstock to distribute aggression, while South American cichlid tanks more often center around a single pair or a smaller, carefully chosen group.

Diet

Many African Rift Lake species are herbivorous grazers needing spirulina-based foods, while South American cichlids tend to be more omnivorous or carnivorous, tolerating a wider range of protein-rich foods.

Why Not Mix Them?

Beyond conflicting water chemistry needs, the two groups’ size and temperament differences can also lead to one group dominating or stressing the other, even when parameters are compromised to suit both.